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Optic equations

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[edit] Optics

Also see : Optivisors - binocular headband magnifiers

[edit] Refractive Index

nmat = Index of refraction of a particular material (mat)

Cv = Speed of light in Vacuum

Cmat = Speed of light in material

n_{mat} = \frac{C_v}{ C_{mat}}

Thus the refractive Index of a vacuum is 1

Material n
Index of refraction
Air at one atmosphere 1.000278
Water 1.33
Fused Silica 1.46
Zinc crown glass 1.53
Crystal quartz 1.55
Optical glass 1.51 -1.81
Heavy Flint glass 1.66
Sapphire 1.77
Diamond 2.43

[edit] Diopter or Dioptre

The diopter unit is simply the inverse of the focal length in meters.

dio = \frac{1}{f}

Thus a +2 diopter lens has a focal length of 500mm

You can combine lenses of different diopters arranged in contact - thus a -2 diopter lens plus a +4 diopter lens would give us the same 500mm focal length.

[edit] Focal Length

If a lens has surface radii of R1 and R2 and made of glass with an n refractive index the focal length, f, is defined below

R1 and R2 = surface radii (negative for convex lens surface)


ng = refractive index of the lens glass

f = focal length of lens

\frac{1}{f} = \left(n - 1\right) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} \right)

[edit] Lens power or Magnification ration

Where

m = Magnification ratio or Power

hi = image height

ho = object height

Di = distance from lens to image

Do = distance from lens to object

m = \frac{h_i}{h_o} = \frac{D_i}{D_o}

[edit] Wavelength of LED or Laser based on band-gap voltage

This is an estimation because the voltage drop is close to the band gap of a forward biased diode.

l = wave length in nm

E = band-gap voltage

then

l = \frac{1240}{E}

Thus those red LEDs with a 1.9V drop run about 652 nm. (GaAs0.6P0.4)

[edit] Colors of wave lengths

Infrared 710nm and goes down to roughly 2000nm.

The visible range is considered to be roughly 400nm to 710nm.

390nm to 420 is Blue (or Violet),

530nm is green

600nm to 710nm is considered red.

[edit] Extreme objectives

Translated from French http://dominique.guebey.club.fr/photo/tech/fast.htm http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fdominique.guebey.club.fr%2Fphoto%2Ftech%2Ffast.htm&sl=fr&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8

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